nursing pedagogy
The functions of a nurse are currently being expanded due to health care reforms. At the same time, one of the most important components of professional activity is nursing pedagogy - the transfer to the patient and his relatives of the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities.
The effectiveness of the nursing process directly depends on the literacy and professionalism of the nurse. When a patient loses the ability to self-care, a nurse comes to the rescue. But not only to help carry out the necessary actions. A much more important task of the nurse is to teach the patient to serve himself under the prevailing conditions.
Thus, one of the main functions of a nurse is training in various areas of life.
Areas of Patient Education
Cognitive sphere - the ability to perceive the new, analysis and synthesis, abstract thinking, the ability to distinguish priority information from secondary.
emotional sphere - is responsible for the mood of the patient in the changed conditions of life, manifests itself depending on the personality traits (kindness or malice, impressionability or callousness, etc.). When observing a patient, the nurse notes changes in the patient's appearance and behavior.
Psychomotor sphere - the patient's ability to learn new skills through their mental and muscular activity, psychological, physical and emotional readiness for learning.
Socio-psychological sphere - the patient's current civic position, personal and intellectual abilities, the ability to correctly assess the situation and one's own strengths, endurance, attitude to the learning process.
In a pedagogical situation, i.e. when teaching a patient and / or his relatives, the trainees themselves can perform the following functions:
- passive, contemplative assimilation of information - does the nurse teach the patient and his family a ready-made set of informative lessons? using methods such as communication, clarification, display, demand for action;
- independent search and active use of information - the patient independently seeks and masters information based on his own interests under the supervision and guidance of a nurse;
- directed search and use of information organized from the outside - based on the interests of the patient, the nurse performs the necessary selection of information and its use together with the patient himself and / or his relatives.
Content of training
The main direction in the content of patient education is the preservation of his health and the maintenance of the most comfortable quality of life. It is important for a nurse to understand new learning technologies, be able to identify priority learning objectives, and use terms that are understandable to the patient and his family. Based on all this, it is possible to determine what and how to teach.
In the learning process, it is necessary to determine the sequence, systematic, depth of the knowledge provided, according to the abilities and capabilities of the trainees.
The main content of nursing pedagogy is the formation of skills and abilities in handling care items, assistance in mastering self-care skills and the principles of emergency care. At the same time, patients should be actively involved in practical activities. This approach contributes to the rapid formation of the necessary skills and forms new needs and interests.
Planning and evaluation of the effectiveness and quality of training
Nursing pedagogy involves the organization of the learning process by a nurse. The whole process should consist of formulating the motive for learning, building its plan, implementing and monitoring and evaluating the result. The planning of the learning process is carried out together with the patient, based on his individual capabilities and the most appropriate time for learning.
Tasks of the Nurse:
- creation of learning situations;
- setting unambiguous clear goals for the patient or trainee, taking into account the appropriate pace of learning;
- constant monitoring of the activities of students, gradually translated into self-control;
- encouraging the active participation of the student in solving problems, finding quick and extraordinary solutions.
The effectiveness of training the patient and his relatives is determined by the achievement of the goals set in the plan.
The most important skill for a nurse in the process of nursing pedagogy is communicative. An important role is played by knowledge in the field of psychology, as well as such personal qualities as tact, patience, optimism, and a positive attitude.
